It has long been a tenet of traditional evolutionary accounts that differences in behavioral traits between men and women have fixed biological foundations. Allegedly, these traits "hold fast" in the face of external pressures, shifting only after very long periods of consistent environmental influence. This was supposedly reflected in the consistency of male/female differences down the ages. But this notion of biology holding fast against prolonged environmental pressure is crumbling. This year, there were reports of "big-headed" geckos on artificial islands in Brazil adapting within 15 years. And the relevance of social and cultural context was demonstrated by a paper showing that differences in cognitive abilities between men and women in 26 countries varied as a function of attitudes to gender roles.
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