Resumen de Identificación de líneas recombinantes de frijol negro opaco resistentes a BCMV, BCMNV y BGYMV mediante marcadores moleculares

José Luis Anaya López, Eduardo Garrido Ramírez, Elizabeth Chiquito Almanza, Óscar Hugo Tosquy Valle, Francisco Javier Ibarra Pérez, Ernesto López Salinas

• español

  El frijol negro opaco de acervo mesoamericano se consume y produce en México. Con el objetivo de identificar líneas recombinantes de frijol negro opaco resistentes al virus del mosaico (BCMV), al virus del mosaico y la necrosis (BCMNV) y al virus del mosaico amarillo dorado del frijol (BGYMV), durante 2015 y 2016 se evaluó una colección de 70 genotipos que incluyeron 20 variedades y 50 líneas recombinantes (LR). Las LR derivaron de tres diferentes cruzas: ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46, ‘Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3 y ‘Jamapa Plus’/XRAV-187-3. Los genotipos se inocularon con las cepas BCMNV NL-3 y BGYMV-MX, y se genotipificaron con marcadores moleculares SW13, ENM, SBD5 y SR2 ligados a genes de resistencia I, bc-3, bc12 y bgm-1. Se identificaron 21 LR que tuvieron los genes bgm-1, I, o la combinación I + bc-3 y resistencia de amplio espectro a BCMV, BCMNV y BGYMV. Las LR tuvieron alta proporción de plantas con el gen I. Seis LR que derivaron de la cruza ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46 y dos de cada una de las cruzas ‘Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3 y ‘Jamapa Plus’/XRAV-187-3 tuvieron entre 8% y 92% de plantas con combinación genética I + bc-3 que confiere resistencia a BCMV y BCMNV. Mientras que los genes I y bgm-1, dan resistencia a BCMV y BGYMV, se detectaron en tres LR de la cruza ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46 y cuatro de ‘Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3. Cuatro LR derivadas de la cruza ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46: ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN 46-7-8, ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN- 46-7-11, ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46-7-12 y ‘Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46-7-13 tuvieron plantas con genes I, bc-3 y bgm-1 con resistencia de amplio espectro a BCMV, BCMNV y BGYMV. La heterogeneidad de LR en proporción de plantas con genes de resistencia, surge la estrategia de selección asistida por marcadores moleculares para homogenizarlas y desarrollar variedades de frijol negro opaco con resistencia a tres virus que afectan la producción de frijol en América Latina. Palabras clave: Phaseolus vulgaris L., bc-3, bgm-1, eIF4E2, SAMM

• English

  The opaque black bean from the Mesoamerican collection is consumed and produced in Mexico. To identify recombinant lines of opaque black bean resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), mosaic virus and common bean necrosis (BCMNV) and bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), during 2015 and 2016 a collection of 70 genotypes that included 20 varieties and 50 recombinant lines (LR) was evaluated. The LRs derived from three different crosses: ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46, ‛Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3 and ‛Jamapa Plus’/XRAV-187-3. All genotypes were inoculated with the strains BCMNV NL-3 and BGYMV-MX, and were genotyped with the molecular markers SW13, ENM, SBD5 and SR2 linked to the resistance genes I, bc-3, bc12and bgm-1.The 21 LR were identified with plants that had the genes bgm-1,I, or the combination I+ bc-3 and broad-spectrum or specific resistance to BCMV, BCMNV and BGYMV. All the LRs had a high proportion of plants with the Igene. Six LRs derived from the cross ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46 and two from eachof the crosses ‛Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3 and ‛Jamapa Plus’/XRAV-187-3 had between 8% and 92% of plants with the genetic combination I+ bc-3that confers resistance to BCMV and BCMNV. While the genes Iand bgm-1, which confers resistance to BCMV and BGYMV, were detected in three LRs of the ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46 and four of ‛Negro Citlali’/XRAV-187-3 crosses. Four LR derived fromthe cross ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46: ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN 46-7-8, ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46-7-11, ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46-7 -12 and ‛Negro Papaloapan’/SEN-46-7-13 had plants with the I, bc-3and bgm-1genes that confers broad-spectrum resistance to BCMV, BCMNV and BGYMV. The heterogeneity of the LR in the proportion of plants with the resistance genes, highlights the need to implement selection strategies assisted by molecular markers to homogenize them, and develop opaque black bean varieties with resistance to three of the viruses that most affect bean production in Latin America. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L., bc-3, bgm-1; eIF4E2; SAMM