Smart goggles and gene therapy are the first ever uses in people of optogenetics, a technique that involves changing the DNA of nerve cells so that they can be controlled by light. The new treatment, developed by French firm GenSight Biologics, targets nerve cells in the retina that aren't normally sensitive to light. This technique has been a powerful laboratory tool for understanding how animal brains work, but was considered impractical for use in humans because of the need to put a wire into the brain through a hole in the head
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