Skuld warns that, many "olivine sand cargoes (...) do not comply with the standards required by the IMSBC Code. Fine grade olivine sand (0-3 mm grain size) has been shipped as a Group C cargo, even though laboratory testing clearly shows it is a Group A cargo, liable to liquefy and/or form a wet base".
Protection and indemnity insurer, Netherlands-headquartered RaetsMarine Insurer, noted at the time of the loss of the Bulk Jupiter ship in December 2014, owing to the liquefaction of its bauxite cargo, that bauxite is not usually prone to liquefying and is listed in the IMSBC Code as a Group C material. RaetsMarine said that bauxite is generally a "lumpy cargo and the larger the lumps the less chance there is of liquefaction".
"While the general safety level of modern bulk carriers has been significantly improved over the last decades, recent incidents have shown that cargo liquefaction remains a major safety issue," [Morten Lovstad] said. "Since 2009, at least six ships of more than 40,000 deadweight tonnes (dwt) have been lost to suspected liquefaction of cargo. These incidents have shown that cargo liquefaction is an issue that has not been sufficiently dealt with," he added.
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