From 1840 to 1870, Chile’s Norte Chico was the leading supplier of copper and silver for Europe and North America. Copper mines and smelters became the engine of a regional take off in the Chilean northern provinces Coquimbo and Atacama. Many historians, however, still consider that, in last instance, the prospering industry was controlled by foreign capital. In their view, above all British merchant banks controlled the trade, transports, and finances in the Chilean mining regions. But primary sources tell us another story. As the article shows, there was a core of modern Chilean capitalists who dominated the export as well as the railroad companies in the leading copper province Coquimbo
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