Investigating the problem of pollution in cities and providing the solutions using system dynamics method

• Autores: Homayoun Ghaedi, Atefeh Amindoust
• Localización: QUID: Investigación, Ciencia y Tecnología, ISSN-e 2462-9006, ISSN 1692-343X, Nº. 28, 2017, págs. 46-59
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • The greatest environmental problem of cities is air pollution that natural and human factors are involved in creating it. Natural factors influencing it include city surrounding by mountains, lack of constant winds with proper speed, and low rainfall. Among the human factors, we can refer to existence of large numbers of vehicles and cars, introduction of excessive new cars to urban traffic cycle, insufficient or reluctance to use public transport systems and the cheap price of fuel. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants in the cities in many cases is several times more than the allowed level, followed by short and long term adverse effects. The first step to control air pollution of the cities is the identification of effective resources and sharing the relative pollution production rate. Sources of pollution include stationary sources (units with different land uses including residential units, factories, and industrial workshops, and refinery) and mobile sources (including public and private light and heavy vehicles). Methods to determine the relative contribution of the sources include the use of emission factors and calculating emissions at the source of pollution production that the focus of this method is on emission source. Another approach is to focus on the current situation by measuring the concentration in pollution monitoring stations or reverse modeling to detect emission source. In this research, the transport system of cities and its impact on air pollution, the economy, and the population are studied. Effective variables and parameters were identified and causal loops were designed and the equations and model were calibrated and validated using information and Vensim software that showed very good accuracy. Using this model, the effect of different scenarios to reduce air pollution caused by transport was investigated.