Accuracy of cotinine serum test to detect the smoking habit and its association with periodontal disease in a multicenter study

• Andrés Duque ^[3] ; Paula-Juliana Martínez ^[4] ; Astrid Giraldo ^[3] ; Diego F. Gualtero ^[4] ; Carlos-Martín Ardila ^[1] ; Adolfo Contreras ^[5] ; Silvia Duarte ^[2] ; Gloria-Inés Lafaurie ^[4]
  1. [1] Universidad de Antioquia

     Universidad de Antioquia

     Colombia

     
  2. [2] Pontífica Universidad Javeriana

     Pontífica Universidad Javeriana

     Colombia

     
  3. [3] MSc, Esp, Research Group in Basic Sciences and Clinical Dentistry, CES University, Medellin
  4. [4] BSc, MSc, Esp, Basic-Oral Research Unit UIBO, El Bosque University, Bogota
  5. [5] PhD, Periodontal Medicine Group, El Valle University, Cali

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• Localización: Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. Ed. inglesa, ISSN-e 1698-6946, Vol. 22, Nº. 4 (July), 2017
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • The validity of the surveys on self-reported smoking status is often questioned because smokers underestimate cigarette use and deny the habit. It has been suggested that self-report should be accompanied by cotinine test. This report evaluates the usefulness of serum cotinine test to assess the association between smoking and periodontal status in a study with a large sample population to be used in studies with other serum markers in epidemiologic and periodontal medicine researches.

    578 patients who were part of a multicenter study on blood biomarkers were evaluated about smoking and its relation to periodontal disease. Severity of periodontal disease was determinate using clinical attachment loss (CAL). Smoking was assessed by a questionnaire and a blood sample drawn for serum cotinine determination.

    The optimal cut-off point for serum cotinine was 10 ng/ml. Serum cotinine showed greater association with severity of CAL than self-report for mild-moderate CAL [OR 2.03 (CI95% 1.16-3.53) vs. OR 1.08 (CI95% 0.62-1.87) ] advanced periodontitis [OR 2.36 (CI95% 1.30- 4.31) vs. OR 2.06 (CI95% 0.97-4.38) ] and extension of CAL > 3 mm [ OR 1.78 (CI95% 1.16-1.71) vs. 1.37 (CI95% 0.89-2.11)]. When the two tests were evaluated together were not shown to be better than serum cotinine test.

    Self-reported smoking and serum cotinine test ≥ 10ng/ml are accurate, complementary and more reliable methods to assess the patient’s smoking status and could be used in studies evaluating serum samples in large population and multicenter studies.

    Clinical Relevance: The serum cotinine level is more reliable to make associations with the patient’s periodontal status than self-report questionnaire and could be used in multicenter and periodontal medicine studies.