From the origins of Rome appeared one of the strongest legal convictions of the Romans: the principle of personality of penalites, from which derives, at the same time, the iuris regula of non-transferability of punishment to the heirs and relatives of who committed the crime (D. 47.1.1.pr.; Gai. 4.112). However, this rule dide not have the same application in the field of public Law regarding the crimen maiestatis. Even existed a "persecutio post mortem" in the most serious cases of such crime (C. 9.8.6.2).
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