Resumen de Efecto de las guardias en habilidades cognitivas en estudiantes de especialidades médicas y médicos internos de pregrado

Francisco Hernández Pérez, Tzeithel Athenea Castillo Altamirano, Kryssna Mendoza Murillo

• español

  Introducción: Durante su estancia en las unidades médicas, los residentes e internos de pregrado son sometidos al estrés, modificando su nivel de alerta para la ejecución de las tareas y poniendo en riesgo su seguridad y la del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la supresión del sueño en las habilidades cognitivas de los médicos residentes e internos de pregrado.

  Material y Métodos. Es un estudio observacional de casos y controles, con una muestra por conveniencia de 58 médicos, conformado por 32 residentes y 26 internos de pregrado. Se aplicaron dos pruebas de atención y tres de comprensión de lectura, comparando entre quienes durmieron dos o menos horas y posterior a su guardia, contra aquellos que hayan dormido 2 horas o más posterior o no a la guardia.

  En ambos casos se consideró como efecto de la supresión del sueño si había diferencia significativa entre los grupos. Para la comparación de medias se utilizó la t de Student y para comparar promedios, la X2. Se consideró una p ≤ 0.05 como estadísticamente significativa.

  Resultados. Hubo una diferencia significativa en las pruebas de atención, tanto con la prueba de Toulouse como del Test psicotécnico (p=0.031 y 0.001 respectivamente), así como la prueba de comprensión de lectura número 3 (p=0.010), sin embargo, para las pruebas de lectura 1 y 2 no hubo diferencia significativa (p=0.219 y 0.314 respectivamente).

  Conclusiones. Se encontró que los médicos internos de pregrado y residentes que durmieron dos o menos horas, fueron afectados en sus funciones mentales como es la atención, aunque en las evaluaciones de comprensión de lectura los resultados variaron

• English

  Introduction: During their stay in the medical units, resident and internal undergraduate are subjected to stress, modifying his level of alert for the execution of the tasks, and putting their safety and the patient's risk at risk. Objective: To determine the effect of sleep suppression on the cognitive skills of resident and internal physicians of the undergraduate course.

  Method and materials. It is an observational study of cases and controls, with a convenience sample of 58 physicians, made up of 32 residents and 26 undergraduate interns. Two attention tests and three reading understanding tests were applied, comparing those who slept two hours or less and after extra time (guard) against those who have slept 2 hours or more. In both cases, it was considered as an effect of sleep deprivation if there was significant difference between groups. Student t test was used to compare means and to compare averages, the X2.

  p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

  Results. Tests to 58 volunteers, 26 undergraduate medical interns and 32 residents were applied. When comparing the A group (who slept two hours or less and the B group (who slept more than two hours) it was found that there was a significant difference in tests of attention, both with proof of Toulouse as the psycho Test (p = 0.031 and 0.001 respectively), as well as reading comprehension test No. 3 (p = 0.010), however, for reading tests 1 and 2 no significant difference (p = 0.219 and 0.314 respectively) Conclusions. It was found that undergraduate interns and resident physicians who slept two or fewer hours were affected in their mental functions such as the attention, although assessments of reading comprehension results were mixed.