Gobiernos democráticos del Estado español frente a la persistencia de la memoria y la historia de las fosas de la guerra civil española: La actuación de la Generalitat en Cataluña (2004-2015)

• Queralt Solé ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat de Barcelona

     Universitat de Barcelona

     Barcelona, España

     
• Localización: Munibe Antropologia - Arkeologia, ISSN 1132-2217, Nº 67, 2016, págs. 199-214
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Democratic Spanish governments and Spanish Civil War common graves’ history and memory persistence: Catalan government’s policies (2004-2015)
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• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Desde el año 2002 en Cataluña ha existido la demanda social para la localización de personas desaparecidas durante la Guerra Civil, algunas de ellas aún hoy en día enterradas en fosas comunes que se han mantenido hasta la actualidad. La Generalidad de Cataluña, a diferencia de otros gobiernos autonómicos, ha llevado a cabo diversas exhumaciones y recogida de restos en superficie con diferentes resultados. El presente artículo, realizando un recorrido que va de historia a la arqueología, expone como se desarrollaron estas actuaciones y analiza cuales fueron los resultados de cada una de ellas.

  • euskara

    2002. urtetik, Gerra Zibilean desagertutako pertsonak topatzeko eskari soziala izan da Katalunian eta oraindik ere eskaera horrek indarrean jarraitzen du. Haietako batzuk gaur egun oraindik ere hobi komunetan lurperatuta daude. Kataluniako Generalitatak, beste gobernu autonomiko batzuek ez bezala, gorpuak hobitik ateratzeko eta gainazalean hondakinak jasotzeko hainbat lan egin du eta era askotako emaitzak izan dituzte. Artikulu honek historiatik arkeologiara arteko ibilbidea jasotzen du eta lan horiek nola garatu zituzten azaldu eta haietako bakoitzaren emaitzak zein izan ziren aztertzen du.

  • English

    The present paper is focused on the Generalitat de Catalunya’s Government’s actions since 2004 about the bone remains from the Spanish Civil War, concretely those ones located in the Catalan territory. Most of these remains are buried in common graves, mainly of soldiers, but some of them also appear in the surface, usually without any anatomical connection between them. This paper is structured in two main parts.

    First of all, it explains both exhumations carried out by the Catalan Government in order to get an empirical basis for a later bill, which was finally approved by the Catalan Parliament in 2009. In the second part, it analyses the actions that took place between 2009 and 2015, which include common graves opening -mainly outside the cemeteries- and bone remains collection in surface.

    The first exhumation promoted by the Generalitat since democracy establishment in Spain was in 2004 in Prats de Lluçanès (Barcelona).

    Seven soldiers dead in February 1939 were exhumed, counting on the participation of both physical and forensic anthropologists and using archaeological methodology. The intervention combined both historical investigation and oral testimonies collection. Thus, final results permitted the identification of that individual whose descendants had been keeping the memory of the place where he had been buried. The second exhumation also promoted by the Catalan Government was in Gurb, near Vic (Barcelona) in 2008. Thirteen soldiers were exhumed then. It has been confirmed in both cases the necessary of an interdisciplinary research, especially the combination between the anthropological analysis of the remains and the historical knowledge about the facts.

    The second part is focused on the actions that took place after the passing of the aforesaid law in 2009, also including both exhumations and bone remains collection. Unlike the previous interventions, the exhumed or collected remains in that case all belong to republican soldiers whose identity is nowadays still unknown.