Multicomponent fitness training improves walking economy in older adults

• Autores: Giulio Valenti, Alberto G. Bonomi, Klaas R. Westerterp
• Localización: Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0195-9131, Vol. 48, Nº. 7, 2016, págs. 1365-1370
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Background: Walking economy declines with increasing age, possibly leading to mobility limitation in older adults. Multicomponent fitness training could delay the decline in walking economy.

    Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of multicomponent fitness training on walking economy in older adults.

    Methods: Participants were untrained adults, age 50 to 83 yr (N = 26, 10 males, age = 63 ± 6 yr, BMI = 25.6 ± 2.1 kg·m−2, mean ± SD). A control group was also recruited (N = 16, 9 males, age = 66 ± 10 yr, BMI = 25.4 ± 3.0 kg·m−2), matching the intervention group for age, weight, body composition, and fitness. The intervention group followed a multicomponent fitness program of 1 h, twice per week during 1 yr. The control group did not take part in any physical training. Fat-free mass, walking economy, and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) were measured in both groups before and after the year. Walking economy was measured with indirect calorimetry as the lowest energy needed to displace 1 kg of body mass for 1 m while walking on a treadmill. The data were compared between the two groups with repeated-measures ANOVA.

    Results: Thirty-two subjects completed all measurements. There was an interaction between the effects of time and group on V˙O2max (P < 0.05) and walking economy (P < 0.05), whereas fat-free mass did not change significantly (P = 0.06). V˙O2max decreased by 1.8 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the control group and increased by 1.3 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the intervention group. The lowest energy needed to walk increased by 0.12 J·kg−1·m−1 in the control group and decreased in the intervention group by 0.13 J·kg−1·m−1.

    Conclusion: Multicomponent fitness training decreases walking cost in older adults, preserving walking economy. Thus, training programs could delay mobility limitation with increasing age.