El zinc es un elemento esencial, necesario para numerosos procesos biológicos. Abunda en muchos tipos de alimento por lo que su déficit es difícil que se produzca si se consume una dieta equilibrada. La intoxicación puede ocurrir por diversas vías: inhalación, por consumo de bebidas o por ingesta. La ingesta crónica de 50-60 mg de zinc/día puede provocar dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y ocasionalmente pancreatitis, especialmente si se acompaña de un aporte inadecuado de cobre. Es precisamente esta circunstancia, es decir, la ingesta de suplementos de zinc puro lo que puede generar cuadros de intoxicación similares al que describimos en una paciente de 77 años que acude por vómitos biliosos, confusión, dolor epigástrico e hiporexia, con una gastritis severa documentada histológicamente en la que no se encontró proceso desencadenante salvo la costumbre de la paciente de consumir zinc en forma de suplementos a dosis mínimas de 56 mg. Este caso puede ilustrar, en ese sentido el peligro que conlleva la toma indiscriminada de complejos vitamínicos y productos similares, generalmente adscritos a la “medicina natural”.
Zinc is an essential trace element that acts as cofactor of more than one hundred enzymes, most of them involved in DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and antioxidative mechanisms. Dietary supply is usually easily provided given the abundancy of this element both in vegetable and animal sources. Intoxication is rarely reported and may occur via inhalation (metal fume fever) or by ingestion either of drinks containing zinc salts or by the ingestion of zinc supplements. This last source may be especially dangerous because toxicity of zinc is related to copper deficiency. This may occur when only-zinc containing supplements are consumed. Even the chronic consumption of 50-60 mg zinc may lead to a clinical picture defined by abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, eventually diarrhea and pancreatic inflammation, as happened in a 77-yearold patient who was recently attended in our unit.
After thoroughly evaluation no reason was found for protracted severe chronic gastritis besides the consumption since several months ago of at least 56 mg zinc in addition to dietary supply. It is important to keep in mind that over the counter consumption of multivitamins and similar products related to “natural medicine” may lead to situations similar to that described in this manuscript.
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