This paper is one of the first to address the use of risk-adjusted control charts in phase I monitoring of surgical outcomes. The authors general phase I risk-adjusted control chart based on a likelihood-ratio test derived from a change-point model to monitor binary surgical outcomes. Binary outcomes are shown to depend on a number of categorical operational covariates not covered by the Pareonnet scores. A case study and a simulation show that the proposed risk-adjusted control charts can achieve better detection by including a covariate for different surgical groups.
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