This article provides an overview and perspective on the Phase I collection and analysis of data for use in process improvement and control charting. In Phase I, the focus is on understanding the process variability, assessing the stability of the process, investigating process improvement ideas, selecting an appropriate in-control model, and providing estimates of the in-control model parameters. The article reviews and synthesizes many of the important developments that pertain to the analysis of process data in Phase I. The authors give their view of the major issues and developments in Phase I analysis. Current best practices are identified, as are some opportunities for future research in this area.
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