Family policy in Russia has a long history of juggling with ideas of family autonomy and state intervention. During the Soviet period, the policies were aimed at stimulating fertility and female employment by providing institutional childcare and job protection. By the time the reforms broke through in the 1990s, the country was facing several consequences of the earlier policy design. Double burden of work and care carried by women was accompanied by virtual �crowding out� of men from the family domain. The dramatic turmoil in economic, political, and social life brought a new light on the issue of decreasing fertility and rocketing poverty. In this chapter, we focus on the interplay between several family policy sectors related to these challenges, present the current regulations, highlight their effects, and discuss possible directions for future policy realization.
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