Aminoglycoside Resistance: The Emergence of Acquired 16S Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferases

• Autores: Yohei Doi, Jun ichi Wachino, Yoshichika Arakawa
• Localización: Infectious disease clinics of North America, ISSN 0891-5520, Vol. 30, Nº. 2, 2016 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Antibiotic Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities), págs. 523-537
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Aminoglycoside-producing Actinobacteria are known to protect themselves from their own aminoglycoside metabolites by producing 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase), which prevents them from binding to the 16S rRNA targets. Ten acquired 16S-RMTases have been reported from gram-negative pathogens. Most of them posttranscriptionally methylate residue G1405 of 16S rRNA resulting in high-level resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and plazomicin. Strains that produce 16S-RMTase are frequently multidrug-resistant or even extensively drug-resistant. Although the direct clinical impact of high-level aminoglycoside resistance resulting from production of 16S-RMTase is yet to be determined, ongoing spread of this mechanism will further limit treatment options for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant gram-negative infections.