Effect of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

• Autores: Oyvind Holmeide, Geir Hoff, Magnus Loberg, Mette Kalager, Michael Bretthauer, Eva Skovlund, Eline Aas, Tor J. Eide, Miguel A. Hernán, Jorn Schneede, Kjell Magne Tveit
• Localización: JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, ISSN 0098-7484, Vol. 312, Nº. 6, 2014, págs. 606-615
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • AB IMPORTANCE: Colorectal cancer is a major health burden. Screening is recommended in many countries. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in a population-based trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trial of 100 210 individuals aged 50 to 64 years, identified from the population of Oslo city and Telemark County, Norway. Screening was performed in 1999-2000 (55-64-year age group) and in 2001 (50-54-year age group), with follow-up ending December 31, 2011. Of those selected, 1415 were excluded due to prior colorectal cancer, emigration, or death, and 3 could not be traced in the population registry. INTERVENTIONS: Participants randomized to the screening group were invited to undergo screening. Within the screening group, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy or combination of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). Participants with positive screening test results (cancer, adenoma, polyp >=10 mm, or positive FOBT) were offered colonoscopy. The control group received no intervention. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 98 792 participants were included in the intention-to-screen analyses, of whom 78 220 comprised the control group and 20 572 comprised the screening group (10 283 randomized to receive a flexible sigmoidoscopy and 10 289 to receive flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT). Adherence with screening was 63%. After a median of 10.9 years, 71 participants died of colorectal cancer in the screening group vs 330 in the control group (31.4 vs 43.1 deaths per 100 000 person-years; absolute rate difference, 11.7 [95% CI, 3.0-20.4]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56-0.94]). Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 253 participants in the screening group vs 1086 in the control group (112.6 vs 141.0 cases per 100 000 person-years; absolute rate difference, 28.4 [95% CI, 12.1-44.7]; HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70-0.92]). Colorectal cancer incidence was reduced in both the 50- to 54-year age group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.94) and the 55- to 64-year age group (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96). There was no difference between the flexible sigmoidoscopy only vs the flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT screening groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In Norway, once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening or flexible sigmoidoscopy and FOBT reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality on a population level compared with no screening. Screening was effective both in the 50- to 54-year and the 55- to 64-year age groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00119912 Copyright 2014 by the American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use