The aim of this article is to determine how economy and demography are inter-related in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries. Multi-level analysis is applied, ranging from the short-term to the long-term, thirty-year trend. A total lack of correlation between economy and demography is revealed for short-term and cyclical observations, whatever the method adopted, whereas a definite correlation is seen to exist between the long-term trends observed for prices and for fertility. A description of these two types of trend is undertaken in order to determine the influences mutually exerted. This reveals the fairly strongly endogenous nature of demography, which is important in explaining the long-term trend for prices.
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