The role of the Paraná River as an effective barrier for mammalian dispersal was evaluated. Four species were analyzed based on their characteristics and distributions along river margins: Caluromys lanatus (Didelphimorphia), Hylaeamys megacephalus, Oecomys bicolor (Rodentia), and Alouatta caraya (Atelidae). Considering their characteristics of small body sizes, arboreal life styles (of most species), and distributions in both river margins, the Paraná River is suggested to be a weak geographic barrier for mammal dispersal.
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