Low Bone Density Risk Is Higher in Exercising Women with Multiple Triad Risk Factors.

• Autores: Mary Jane De Souza, Jenna C. Gibbs, Aurelia Nattiv, Michelle T. Barrack, Nancy I. Williams, Mitchell J. Rauh, Jeanne F. Nichols
• Localización: Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0195-9131, Vol. 46, Nº. 1, 2014, págs. 167-176
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • AB The cumulative effect of the female athlete triad (Triad) risk factors on the likelihood of low bone mineral density (BMD) in exercising women is unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the risk of low BMD in exercising women with multiple Triad risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively examined cross-sectional data from 437 exercising women (mean +/- SD age of 18.0 +/- 3.5 yr, weighed 57.5 +/- 7.1 kg with 24.5% +/- 6.1% body fat) obtained at baseline from 4 prospective cohort studies examining Triad risk factors. Questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographic characteristics, self-reported eating attitudes/behaviors, menstrual function, sport/activity participation, and medication use. Height and body weight were measured. BMD was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low BMD was defined as z-scores of <-1 and <=-2. Chi-square tests were performed to determine the percentage of women with low BMD who met the criteria for individual (current oligo/amenorrhea, late menarche, low body mass index (BMI), elevated dietary restraint, lean sport/activity participation) or multiple (2, 3, 4, or 5) Triad risk factors. Results: Late menarche and low BMI were associated with the highest percentage of low BMD (z-score < -1), 55% and 54%, respectively, and low BMD (z-score <=-2), 14% and 16%, respectively. The percentage of participants with low BMD (z-score < -1 and <=-2) increased from 10% to 62% and from 2% to 18%, respectively, as women met the criteria for an increasing number of Triad risk factors. Conclusions: A cumulative number of Triad risk factors were associated with an increased risk of low BMD, suggesting a dose-response association between the number of Triad risk factors and BMD in exercising women. Further research should be conducted to develop a user-friendly algorithm integrating these indicators of risk for low BMD in exercising women (particularly factors associated with low BMI/body weight, menstrual dysfunction, lean sport/activity participation, and elevated dietary restraint).