Crystal structure of the dynamin tetramer

• Autores: Thomas F. Reubold, Katja Faelber, Nuria Plattner, York Posor, Katharina Ketel, Ute Curth, Jeanette Schlegel
• Localización: Nature: International weekly journal of science, ISSN 0028-0836, Vol. 525, Nº 7569, 2015, págs. 404-408
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • The mechanochemical protein dynamin is the prototype of the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases, which shape and remodel membranes in diverse cellular processes1. Dynamin forms predominantly tetramers in the cytosol, which oligomerize at the neck of clathrin-coated vesicles to mediate constriction and subsequent scission of the membrane1. Previous studies have described the architecture of dynamin dimers2,3, but the molecular determinants for dynamin assembly and its regulation have remained unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of the human dynamin tetramer in the nucleotide-free state. Combining structural data with mutational studies, oligomerization measurements and Markov state models of molecular dynamics simulations, we suggest a mechanism by which oligomerization of dynamin is linked to the release of intramolecular autoinhibitory interactions. We elucidate how mutations that interfere with tetramer formation and autoinhibition can lead to the congenital muscle disorders Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy4 and centronuclear myopathy5, respectively. Notably, the bent shape of the tetramer explains how dynamin assembles into a right-handed helical oligomer of defined diameter, which has direct implications for its function in membrane constriction.