Resumen de Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Lain Mathieson, Losif Lazaridis, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nick Patterson, Alpaslan Songül Roodenberg, Eadaoin Harney, Kristin Stewardson, Daniel Fernandes, Mario Novak, Kendra Sirak, Cristina Gamba, Eppie R. Jones, Bastien Llamas, Stanislav Dryomov, Joseph Pickrell, Juan Luis Arsuaga Ferreras, José María Bermúdez de Castro, Eudald Carbonell Roura, Fokke Gerritsen, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Pavel Kuznetsov, Marina Lozano Ruiz, Harald Meller, Oleg Mochalov, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Manuel Á. Rojo Guerra, Jacob Roodenberg, Josep Maria Vergès Bosch, Johannes Krause, Alan Cooper, Kurt W. Alt, Dorcas Brown, David Anthony, Carles Lalueza Fox, Wolfgang Haak, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 BC, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 BC, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.
