Antonio Ceriello, Anna Novials, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Canivell, Lucia La Sala, Gemma Pujadas Rovira, Katherine Esposito, Dario Giugliano, Stefano Genovese
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia currently are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 1diabetes. Both acute hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, raising the oxidative stress. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has antioxidant properties, and evidence suggests that it protects endothelial function. The effect of both acute hyperglycemia and acute hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes, with or without the simultaneous infusion of GLP-1, on oxidative stress (plasma nitrotyrosine and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha), inflammation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6), and endothelial dysfunction has been evaluated. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia acutely induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. GLP-1 significantly counterbalanced these effects. These results suggest a protective effect of GLP-1 during both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
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