Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Moderate Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes:: Analysis of a randomized control trial comparing surgery with intensive medical treatment

• Autores: S.R. Kashyap, Deepak L. Bhatt, Kathy Wolski, Richard Watanabe, Muhammad Abdul Ghani, Beth Abood, Claire E. Pothier, Stacy Brethauer, Steven Nissen, Manjula Gupta, John P. Kirwan, Philip R. Schauer
• Localización: Diabetes care, ISSN-e 0149-5992, Vol. 36, Nº. 8, 2013 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Diabetes), págs. 2175-2182
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • To evaluate the effects of two bariatric procedures versus intensive medical therapy (IMT) on β-cell function and body composition. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of 60 subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA^sub 1c^ 9.7 ± 1%) and moderate obesity (BMI 36 ± 2 kg/m^sup 2^) randomized to IMT alone, IMT plus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or IMT plus sleeve gastrectomy. Assessment of β-cell function (mixed-meal tolerance testing) and body composition was performed at baseline and 12 and 24 months. Glycemic control improved in all three groups at 24 months (N = 54), with a mean HbA^sub 1c^ of 6.7 ± 1.2% for gastric bypass, 7.1 ± 0.8% for sleeve gastrectomy, and 8.4 ± 2.3% for IMT (P < 0.05 for each surgical group versus IMT). Reduction in body fat was similar for both surgery groups, with greater absolute reduction in truncal fat in gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy (-16 vs. -10%; P = 0.04). Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline in gastric bypass (2.7-fold; P = 0.004) and did not change in sleeve gastrectomy or IMT. β-Cell function (oral disposition index) increased 5.8-fold in gastric bypass from baseline, was markedly greater than IMT (P = 0.001), and was not different between sleeve gastrectomy versus IMT (P = 0.30). At 24 months, β-cell function inversely correlated with truncal fat and prandial free fatty acid levels. Bariatric surgery provides durable glycemic control compared with intensive medical therapy at 2 years. Despite similar weight loss as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass uniquely restores pancreatic β-cell function and reduces truncal fat, thus reversing the core defects in diabetes.