Resumen de Canagliflozin Lowers Postprandial Glucose and Insulin by Delaying Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Addition to Increasing Urinary Glucose Excretion: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study

David Polidori, Sue Sha, Sunder Mudaliar, Theodore Ciaraldi, Atalanta Ghosh, Nicole Vaccaro, Kristin Farrell, Paul Rothenberg, Robert R. Henry

• Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, is also a low-potency SGLT1 inhibitor. This study tested the hypothesis that intestinal canagliflozin levels postdose are sufficiently high to transiently inhibit intestinal SGLT1, thereby delaying intestinal glucose absorption. This two-period, crossover study evaluated effects of canagliflozin on intestinal glucose absorption in 20 healthy subjects using a dual-tracer method. Placebo or canagliflozin 300 mg was given 20 min before a 600-kcal mixed-meal tolerance test. Plasma glucose, ^sup 3^H-glucose, ^sup 14^C-glucose, and insulin were measured frequently for 6 h to calculate rates of appearance of oral glucose (R^sub a^O) in plasma, endogenous glucose production, and glucose disposal. Compared with placebo, canagliflozin treatment reduced postprandial plasma glucose and insulin excursions (incremental 0- to 2-h area under the curve [AUC^sub 0-2h^] reductions of 35% and 43%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), increased 0- to 6-h urinary glucose excretion (UGE^sub 0-6h^, 18.2 ± 5.6 vs. <0.2 g; P < 0.001), and delayed R^sub a^O. Canagliflozin reduced AUC R^sub a^O by 31% over 0 to 1 h (geometric means, 264 vs. 381 mg/kg; P < 0.001) and by 20% over 0 to 2 h (576 vs. 723 mg/kg; P = 0.002). Over 2 to 6 h, canagliflozin increased R^sub a^O such that total AUC R^sub a^O over 0 to 6 h was <6% lower versus placebo (960 vs. 1,018 mg/kg; P = 0.003). A modest (...10%) reduction in acetaminophen absorption was observed over the first 2 h, but this difference was not sufficient to explain the reduction in R^sub a^O. Total glucose disposal over 0 to 6 h was similar across groups. Canagliflozin reduces postprandial plasma glucose and insulin by increasing UGE (via renal SGLT2 inhibition) and delaying R^sub a^O, likely due to intestinal SGLT1 inhibition. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)