Resumen de Aprendizaje del uso del desfibrilador semiautomático mediante métodos audiovisuales en escolares

Cristina Jorge Soto, Cristian Abelairas Gómez, Roberto J. Barcala Furelos, Carolina Gregorio García, José Antonio Prieto Saborit, Antonio Rodríguez Núñez

• español

  Objetivo. Valorar la capacidad de los escolares para simular una descarga efectiva con un desfibrilador externo semiautomático (DEA) y la retención de la habilidad al mes tras una actividad formativa basada en un video.

  Método. Estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo control en 205 escolares de 6 a 16 años sin formación previa. Se realizaron simulaciones con maniquíes y DEA. En una fase inicial (T0) los sujetos realizaron un test basal de competencia.

  En la fase 1 (T1) se aleatorizaron los grupos experimental (GE) y control (GC); el GE visualizó el video formativo y ambos grupos fueron evaluados. Un mes después se reevaluaron ambos grupos (T2).

  Resultados. Ciento noventa y seis participantes completaron las 3 fases, 96 (95,0%) alumnos de secundaria y 54 (56,8%) de primaria supieron decir qué es un DEA, 20 (19,8%) de secundaria y 8 (8,4%) de primaria afirmaron saber usarlo. En T0, 78 (39,8%) participantes consiguieron simular una descarga efectiva; en T1, 36 (34,9%) del GC y 56 (60,2%) del GE (p < 0,001); en T2 53 (51,4%) del GC y 61 (65,6%) del GE (p = 0,045). Todos completaron las pruebas en menos de 120 segundos y el tiempo medio fue menor en cada test. Los alumnos de secundaria obtuvieron mejores resultados.

  Conclusiones. Los escolares de secundaria sin formación previa saben qué es un DEA y la mitad es capaz de utilizarlo en un escenario simulado. Una formación basada en un video narrativo breve mejora la capacidad de los escolares para manejar un DEA y retener dicha habilidad un mes después.

• English

  Objective. To assess the ability of schoolchildren to use a automated external defibrillator (AED) to provide an effective shock and their retention of the skill 1 month after a training exercise supported by audiovisual materials.

  Methods. Quasi-experimental controlled study in 205 initially untrained schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years old. SAEDs were used to apply shocks to manikins. The students took a baseline test (T0) of skill, and were then randomized to an experimental or control group in the first phase (T1). The experimental group watched a training video, and both groups were then retested. The children were tested in simulations again 1 month later (T2).

  Results. A total of 196 students completed all 3 phases. Ninety-six (95.0%) of the secondary school students and 54 (56.8%) of the primary schoolchildren were able to explain what a SAED is. Twenty of the secondary school students (19.8%) and 8 of the primary schoolchildren (8.4%) said they knew how to use one. At T0, 78 participants (39.8%) were able to simulate an effective shock. At T1, 36 controls (34.9%) and 56 experimental-group children (60.2%) achieved an effective shock (P< .001). At T2, 53 controls (51.4%) and 61 experimental-group children (65.6%) gave effective shocks (P=.045). All the students completed the tests in 120 seconds. Their average times decreased with each test. The secondary school students achieved better results.

  Conclusions. Previously untrained secondary school students know what a AED is and half of them can manage to use one in simulations. Brief narrative, audiovisual instruction improves students' skill in managing a SAED and helps them retain what they learned for later use.