Asthma in adolescents – Prevalence trends and associated factors in northeast Brazil

S. Oliveira-Santos; J. Motta Franco; I. Barreto; D. Solé; R. Gurgel

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Asthma in adolescents – Prevalence trends and associated factors in northeast Brazil

S. Oliveira-Santos ^[1] ; J. Motta-Franco ^[1] ; I. Barreto ^[1] ; D. Solé ^[2] ; R. Gurgel ^[1]
1. [1] Universidade Federal de Sergipe
  
  Universidade Federal de Sergipe
  
  Brasil
2. [2] Universidade Federal de São Paulo
  
  Universidade Federal de São Paulo
  
  Brasil
Localización: Allergologia et immunopathologia: International journal for clinical and investigate allergology and clinical immunology, ISSN-e 1578-1267, ISSN 0301-0546, Vol. 43, Nº. 5, 2015, págs. 429-435
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Background Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children and adolescents (AD). We evaluated the prevalence of asthma and associated factors in adolescents living in a developing region in northeast Brazil using the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) methodology.
  
  Methods According to the ISAAC protocol, AD (13–14 year olds, n = 3,043 in 2003 and 3,009 in 2011–12) answered the standardised written questionnaire by themselves. In addition, in 2011–12 a random sample of these AD (n = 430) also answered a complementary questionnaire (associated factors) and underwent a skin prick test with aeroallergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, Blatella germanica, Periplaneta americana, dog dander, cat dander, mixed grass pollen and mixed moulds, including 10 mg/mL histamine and negative controls). Data were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression.
  
  Results The prevalence of asthma in 2011–12 in Aracaju was 12.8%, which is lower than that recorded in 2003 (18.7%). Individuals with a dog outside the home (PR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.88–0.98; p = 0.018) and those with an older sibling (PR = 0.94; 95%CI = 0.91–0.98; p = 0.005) were identified as protective. The presence of smokers in the residence (PR = 1.04; 95%CI = 1.00–1.09; p = 0.039) was associated with an increased risk of developing asthma.
  
  Conclusions The prevalence of asthma was significantly lower than the last ISAAC figures reported for Aracaju. Tobacco smoking, a preventable factor, continues to be associated with an increase in the occurrence of asthma and other associations may concur with the hygiene hypothesis.