Resumen de Life-space mobility and mortality in older men: a prospective cohort study

Dawn C. Mackey, Jane A. Cauley, Elisabeth Barrett Connor, John T. Schousboe, Peggy M. Cawthon, Steven R. Cummings

• Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between life-space (the extent, frequency, and independence of an individual's movement) and mortality in older men.

  Design: Prospective cohort study.

  Setting: Six U.S. clinical sites.

  Participants: Men aged 71 to 98 followed from 2007 to 2011 (N = 3,892).

  Measurements: Life-space during the past month was assessed as 0 (daily restriction to one's bedroom) to 120 (daily trips outside one's town without assistance) and categorized into 20-point intervals. The primary outcome was noncancer mortality, and secondary outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and noncardiovascular noncancer mortality.

  Results: Over 2.7 years (2007–2011), 373 (9.6%) men died, 230 from noncancer causes. Unadjusted risk of noncancer mortality was 41.2% in men with the lowest level of life-space (0–20 points, n = 34) and 2.4% in men with the highest level of life-space (101–120 points, n = 868), a 17 times difference. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was a strong linear trend between decreasing life-space and increasing risk of noncancer mortality (P = .005). Risk of noncancer mortality was 3.8 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3,11.5) in men with the lowest life-space than in those with the highest life-space. Risk of noncancer mortality was 1.3 times higher (95% CI=1.1–1.5) for each standard-deviation (24 point) decrease in life-space. Risk of noncancer mortality was 1.5 times higher (95% CI=1.0–2.3) in men who did not travel beyond their neighborhood without assistance (n = 471). Results were similar for all-cause mortality and did not change after control for chronic disease burden.

  Conclusion: Life-space predicted a variety of mortality endpoints in older men; scores of 40 or less were associated with mortality independent of other risk factors.