Consensus document on the approach to children with allergic reactions after vaccination or allergy to vaccine components

Luis A. Echeverría-Zudaire ^[1] ; Luis Ortigosa-del Castillo ^[3] ; Elena Alonso-Lebrero ^[2] ; Francisco J. Álvarez-García ^[4] ; Nuria Cortés-Álvarez ^[5] ; Nuria García-Sánchez ^[6] ; Antonio Martorell-Aragonés ^[7]
1. [1] Hospital Severo Ochoa
  
  Hospital Severo Ochoa
  
  Madrid, España
2. [2] Hospital Miguel Servet
  
  Hospital Miguel Servet
  
  Zaragoza, España
3. [3] Hospital Universitario Ntra. Sra. de Candelaria (HUNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife
4. [4] Centro de Salud de Llanera, Asturias
5. [5] Hospital Universitario Mútua Terrassa
6. [6] Centro de Salud “Delicias Sur”, Zaragoza
7. [7] Hospital General Universitario, Valencia
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Localización: Allergologia et immunopathologia: International journal for clinical and investigate allergology and clinical immunology, ISSN-e 1578-1267, ISSN 0301-0546, Vol. 43, Nº. 3, 2015, págs. 304-325
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Vaccinations are one of the main public health tools for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. If a child is identified as having had an allergic reaction to a vaccine, subsequent immunisations will probably be suspended – with the risks such a decision implies. The incidence of severe allergic reactions is very low, ranging between 0.5 and 1 cases/100,000 doses. Rather than the vaccine antigens as such, the causes of allergic reactions to vaccines are often residual protein components of the manufacturing process such as gelatine or egg, and less commonly yeasts or latex. Most vaccine reactions are mild and circumscribed to the injection site; although in some cases severe anaphylactic reactions can be observed. If an immediate-type allergic reaction is suspected at vaccination, or if a child with allergy to some of the vaccine components is scheduled for vaccination, a correct diagnosis of the possible allergic process must be made. The usual vaccine components must be known in order to determine whether vaccination can be safely performed.