Sculptural images of bound captives at the foot of a trumphant victor date back to antiquity, yet the portraitlike depictions of slaves in Pietro Tacca's "Quattro Mori" in Livorno (1621-26) were unique in transcending their iconographic roots to address contemporary social conditions in Tuscany's most important port. The development of the slave trade in Livorno and the contemporary construction of the Italian coast's most important "bagno" (slave prision) from the backdrop for Tacca's sympathetic and idiosyncratic treatment of these four Muslim captives.
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