Resumen de CCL28 Effects on Periodontal Pathogens

Cheryl L. Newman, Joseph L. Konzelman, Heather R. Watkins, Carol A. Lapp, Philip J. Hanes, Douglas P. Dickinson, Keith R. Volkmann

• CCL28 Effects on Periodontal Pathogens Heather R. Watkins,* Carol A. Lapp,† Philip J. Hanes,* Douglas P. Dickinson,† Keith R. Volkmann,† Cheryl L. Newman,‡ and Joseph L. Konzelman† *Department of Periodontics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA.

  †Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia.

  ‡Department of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Georgia.

  Correspondence: Dr. Carol A. Lapp, AD-1434, Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912. Fax: 706/721-3392; e-mail: clapp@mail.mcg.edu.

  Background: Chemokines are small proteins that signal to and attract cells of the immune system; they are vital components in the modulation of immunity and wound healing. A newly described chemokine was reported to have antibacterial and antifungal activity. This chemokine, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28; also called mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine), is secreted by mucosal epithelial cells and is found in saliva and in breast milk. The objective of this study was to test whether CCL28 has antibacterial activity against two anaerobic periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

  Methods: We used a bacterial viability test, in which two fluorescent dyes are bound differentially to living and killed bacteria. We tested the bacteria at concentrations of 2 × 107/ml, exposing them to CCL28 at concentrations from 0.04 to 10 μM.

  Results: CCL28 was effective at killing both organisms. After 1 hour of exposure to the chemokine under appropriate oxygen conditions, the percentage of living organisms was reduced significantly for each species. We estimated the 50% effective concentration to be ∼0.7 μM for P. gingivalis and ∼2.0 μM for A. actinomycetemcomitans (N = five experiments each). We confirmed these observations using standard bacterial plating methods.

  Conclusion: Because this chemokine is secreted into the saliva, a reduction in salivary flow (as in xerostomia) may diminish the oral self-defense mechanisms by also reducing the exposure of bacteria to the antibacterial action of CCL28.

  KEYWORDS: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, CCL28, chemokines, Porphyromonas gingivalis Cited by Mustapha Berri, Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant, Claire Chevaleyre, Sandrine Melo, Galliano Zanello, Henri Salmon and François Meurens. (2014) CCL28 involvement in mucosal tissues protection as a chemokine and as an antibacterial peptide. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 44, 286-290.

  Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014.

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  Online publication date: 1-Feb-2013.

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