Resumen de Cytokines and Growth Factors Involved in the Osseointegration of Oral Titanium Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus a Drill Technique: A Pilot Study in Minipigs
Crescenzo Russo, Gianmario Schierano, Giulio Preti, Germana Martinasso, Bruno Peirone, Carlo Manzella, Rosa A. Canuto, Roberto Navone, Giuliana Muzio
Cytokines and Growth Factors Involved in the Osseointegration of Oral Titanium Implants Positioned Using Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Versus a Drill Technique: A Pilot Study in Minipigs Giulio Preti,* Germana Martinasso,† Bruno Peirone,‡ Roberto Navone,* Carlo Manzella,* Giuliana Muzio,† Crescenzo Russo,* Rosa A. Canuto,† and Gianmario Schierano* *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
†Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin.
‡Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin.
Correspondence: Dr. Gianmario Schierano, Oral Rehabilitation and Maxillo-Facial Prosthesis and Dental Implants, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy. Fax: 39-011-6636489; e-mail: gianmario.schierano@unito.it.
Background: Most dental implants are positioned using a drilling surgery technique. However, dentistry recently experienced the implementation of piezoelectric surgery. This technique was introduced to overcome some of the limitations involving rotating instruments in bone surgery. This study used biomolecular and histologic analyses to compare the osseointegration of porous implants positioned using traditional drills versus the piezoelectric bone surgery technique.
Methods: Porous titanium implants were inserted into minipig tibias. Histomorphology and levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1β and -10 were evaluated in the peri-implant osseous samples.
Results: Histomorphological analyses demonstrated that more inflammatory cells were present in samples from drilled sites. Also, neo-osteogenesis was consistently more active in bone samples from the implant sites that were prepared using piezoelectric bone surgery. Moreover, bone around the implants treated with the piezoelectric bone surgery technique showed an earlier increase in BMP-4 and TGF-β2 proteins as well as a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion: Piezoelectric bone surgery appears to be more efficient in the first phases of bone healing; it induced an earlier increase in BMPs, controlled the inflammatory process better, and stimulated bone remodeling as early as 56 days post-treatment.
