Traditionally discussed in terms of their unusual iconography and forward-looking style, the thirteenth-century reliefs at S. Marco in Venice depicting artisans and shopkeepers carry a fraught social meaning when considered in light of contemporary Venetian labor legislation. They were sculpted at a moment when Venetian patricians acted to limit sharply the working class’s role in the government. As products of the patronage of the city’s nobles, these images, which at first glance appear to valorize and dignify the artisan class, on closer examination reveal fissures expressing the patrons’ increasing fear of the collective strength of the Venetian popolo.
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