When Henry David Thoreau retreated to Walden Pond, he followed a prescription for suburban retirement set forth in numerous English and American "villa books." His philosophical commentary on the sturdy, economic house he built there reflects his considerable knowledge of issues in contemporary architecture. Inspired in part by a Catskills "mountain house," his dwelling recalled several rustic types then popular-- summerhouses, hermitages, and wilderness retreats--and Thoreau equated it with the primitive hut of architectural theory. He went on to publish his house design in Walden (1854), offering it as an intellectual model for the reform of domestic architecture.
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