In the course of the 18th century, the unprecedented increase in the popularity of musical criticism led to debates concerning the respective merits of music and the visual arts. Critics and theoreticians such as J.-J. Rousseau, Denis Diderot, André Morellet, Fraņcois-Jean de Chastellux, Adam Smith, and Louis-Sébastien Mercier analyzed the phenomenon of music beyond the purely musicological perspective. Previously, music was considered in its relation to the other arts. Subsequently, music was considered to have unique charms, its own system, and independent expression that often resulted in it being thought of as superior to the visual arts. The meditations on music of the Enlightenment were not only aimed at a renovation of an art, but also engaged a wider aesthetic by questioning the principles shared by the visual arts: their capacity for illusion, and the necessity of resemblance and exactitude.
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