Passions françaises autour de la Marseillaise de Rude. De l'utilisation de la sculpture à des fins politiques

• Autores: Isabelle Rouge Ducos
• Localización: Revue de l'art, ISSN 0035-1326, Nº. 162, 2008, págs. 33-42
• Idioma: francés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • With his Départ des Voluntaires on the Arc de Triomphe, Rude created one of the most famous sculptures of the 19th century. It forged the sculptor's fame influenced the creative sthetic of other artists, from the july monarchy through from the artistic ruptures of the 20th century. The analysis of the genesis of this work enables us to distinguish that which comes out of the formal particularities invented by the sculptor - the genius of Rude- from the references borrowed from tradition. Rude created a politically left-wing sculpture renewing with the Great Reolution and borrowing features from Greek and Roman sculpture, as well as from the Ossianic vein and from Delacroix. The idea, totally Romantic, of using movement as a means of expression of political fervor contributed ti the success of his iconography. The esthetic theories contemporary or posterior to this sculpture, notably those of David d'Angers, of Rodin, then the Surrealists, bear witness to its impact. Its artistic fortune is immense.

    Beyond the originally of the formal creation, Le Départ des Voluntaires - when it became La Marseillaise - attained the status of a political symbol. This figure has sometimes served ideologies very far from those aimed at by its creator. La Marseillaise has only too frequently been used over the years to the present time, and often diverted from its original intentions, even betraying them. Indoctrination speeches manipulating without management the monument, political images drawing inspiration from july up to vichy, provide objects of study, throwing new light on this astronishing matrix of French sentiments of patriotism, combativeness, vengeance seeking, or nostalgia.

    At the time of the Industrial Revolution, La Marseillaise - through the application of the techniques of edition, the multiple replicas and derived works - played a role as an instrument of propaganda destined for the masses, It was necessary to reconstitute this ideologiacl pathway, which, from the conception of the sculpture to its recuperation by the different political families - republican, nationalistic, Communist, Anarchist - turned it into an ambiguous icon of the national imagination.