Crop water use efficiency at multiple scales

• Autores: Timothy Green, Qiang Yu, Liwang Ma, Tian-Duo Wang
• Localización: Agricultural water management: an international journal, ISSN 0378-3774, Vol. 97, Nº. 8, 2010, págs. 1099-1101
• Idioma: inglés
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• Resumen

  • Food security is an issue of global concern, which is tightly linked with water supply issues as regional demands for water are dominated by agricultural water use. This special issue of Agricultural Water Management focuses on crop�water use in China, especially in the North China Plain (NCP) and Loess Plateau and surrounding areas, where intensive agriculture (e.g., wheat�maize double cropping) with limited water is practiced to meet the large demand for grains. Such intensive agriculture raises concerns for agricultural sustainability due to limited water supply and effects on water quality, which may be aggravated by projected climate change and its variability across the region and over time. Addressing these issues requires basic understanding of crop�water relationships in water-limited agricultural systems, methods to quantify water demand and actual crop�water use over multiple scales, and strategies to improve water use efficiency (WUE, or water productivity). Advances in crop breeding (selection) and agronomic management, such as irrigation and nutrient management, and tools to assess and improve WUE at multiple scales are addressed for a range of cropping systems in China. Water supplies within a basin (regional scale) must be managed in view of the patterns of water demand in space and time determined by soil and climatic conditions.

    This special issue is comprised of 13 papers addressing issues related to crop�water use efficiency (WUE) over a range of spatial scales. The general topics include water resources demand and allocation, quantification of water balance components in cropping systems, identification of stress factors and responses, simulation of crop yield in response to management, potential impacts of climate change, and synthesis of remote sensing methods for spatial estimation. Most cropping system experiments are conducted in small plots (e.g., about 20 m2), and WUE results must be scaled up to larger fields (e.g., 1 ha) and up to regional scales exceeding 100,000 km2.