Internationalization deals with expansion across space and time. Researchers have framed internationalization as market growth and expansion through foreign direct investment (FDI). We use narrative theory to frame a bigger, richer picture. Using Mikhail Bakhtin�s typology of nine space�time conceptions and directed observations of McDonald�s Corporation, we show how multinational enterprises (MNEs) create narratives of internationalization to mitigate the risks of FDI. Competing space�time conceptions in consumers�, authors� and societies� stories interact with managerial narratives to affect international product and task environments. We increase awareness of MNEs� storytelling by offering a typology of stakeholders� stories across space and time.
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