In this essay, I show that India's militant Hindu party, Shiv Sena, constructs Hindu national identity by scapegoating Muslins. Based on the analysis of the themes of scapegoating in the rhetoric of Shiv Sena, I make three arguments: First, the themes of scapegoating that I have identified in this study often serve as the dominant topoi in the doctrine of victimage. Second, scapegoating in nationalism is often closely associated with religion, where scapegoating acts as a mode of purification of the nation. Third, I conclude this essay by discussing the implications of this study for rhetorical scholars by arguing that they should help identify potential dangers of scapegoating against any group or groups, especially when identity politics could lead to violence.
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