La riada del año hidrológico 2009/2010

• Autores: Florent Prunier
• Localización: Arvícola: Cuaderno de campo del Guadalquivir a su paso por Córdoba, ISSN-e 2340-731X, ISSN 2174-6141, Nº. 4, 2013, págs. 32-49
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    En otoño de 2009, no corría más que un humilde arroyo entre dos de los arcos del Puente Romano.

    Sin embargo el 23 de febrero, solo el ápice de las Estatuas -de la isla del mismo nombresobresalía del río� Era realmente impresionante observar tanto agua bajando a toda velocidad.

    Las terrazas más bajas de Miraflores estaban inundadas, varios árboles arrancados y toneladas de sedimentos se depositaron en las orillas. El invierno 2009/2010 fue uno de los más húmedos conocidos en Andalucía, con varias subidas del nivel del río Guadalquivir que originaron sucesivas inundaciones.

    Este artículo trata de describir los cambios morfológicos y paisajísticos del río así como el efecto de las riadas sobre la biodiversidad. El propósito último es entender mejor la dinámica natural de los ríos mediterráneos.

  • English

    The 2009-2010 year was unusually wet, putting an end to a period of five years of drought. Accumulated rainfall between December 1st and March 31st was nearly triple the average for this period over the previous 25 years. The Guadalquivir overflowed at many locations and flooded areas around the city of Cordoba. It was in fact the worst flooding since February 1963 and more than 400 houses had to be evacuated. As a consequence of the flooding, and the erosion taking place in the whole water catchment, huge quantities of sand was deposited in the areas of expansion of the river.

    Most of the bank and islands were covered by a layer of fine sand of up to 3 metres or more in height. However, not only fine sediment was deposited, the river also swept up boulders, leading to the creation of new islands. In some places the landscape evolved significatively, with the banks reshaped and the disappearance of some ponds and meanders. Some short term impacts on biodiversity are described, for example, the heronry changed location; numerous freshwater mussels were found dead on the banks; otters didn�t seem affected; and an anual plant community flourished in the sandy substrate. Over all, it was observed that the geomorfological changes triggered the whole ecosystem, giving way to a more terrestrial habitat, first of all bare soil which was soon colonized by plants and denser Salix. This led to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of most aquatic birds, especially where reedmace disappeared.