A descriptive study of treatment adherence was performed in a community pharmacy from the city of Santiago, Cuba, on 170 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Treatment adherence was evaluated by a self-communicated indirect method, through an interview with patients at their homes taking into account: the patient's identification, medication being consumed, non-pharmacological treatment, self-medication, and toxic and nutritional habits. The studied population showed a level of knowledge of 100% and the adherence to non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy was of 91.2% and 92.4%, respectively. The associated factors being evaluated did not influence on the level of knowledge about the treatment. Sex influenced with regards to the adherence to the non-pharmacological treatment, while the adherence to the pharmacological treatment was not associated with any factors. A direct relation between knowledge degree and treatment adherence degree was observed
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