Nanotechnology can address key bottlenecks hindering successful bench to bedside translation of recent research in the development of neuropeptide-based drugs. Studies of the effects of VIP on several biological functions provide a powerful rationale for the assessment of VIP as a novel therapeutic approach for the synthesis of novel nano-systems that could improve the efficacy of the treatment. The fact that VIP is so attractive for therapeutic use by itself leads to the study of nano-applications such as a peptide delivery system which may solve the problem of drug break-down by digestive acids and enzymes before they reach their targets. The half-life of VIP needs to be substantially prolonged in biological fluids to be employed in therapeutics with increased effectiveness, as VIP-based drug design is hampered by the instability of the peptide and has limited bioavailability. In other applications VIP is used as a surface ligand for targeted delivery. In this case, VIP needs to be efficiently attached to the nanoparticle surface.
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