Resumen de The economic risks of cyberwar
The increasing acceptance and introduction of digital technologies in military planning and armament opens the perspective of a cyber warfare that, given the global interdependence of net structures, would unavoidably and deeply affect the economy and vital societal assets. Hostile military use of these technologies could, for factual and legal reasons, not be cleanly separated from cyber conflict in general and raises serious questions of controllability and legitimacy, thus opening up highly disturbing damage perspectives. There is the perennial dilemma that the exponential growth and ultra-rapid development of cyber technologies and new sophisticated uses are in conflict with the equally exponential growth and sophistication of attack options. The amazing quantitative and qualitative growth of digital systems and infrastructures in a second digital revolution comes accompanied by an equal or even superior growth in attack options and thus in vulnerabilities. Yet, the benefits of the digital age accrue only if there is trust in the functioning, availability, integrity and safety of the underlying technologies; thus, cybersecurity has come to be a global challenge. The article describes actual and possible future cyber developments and the evolving threat landscape in terms of new attack modes, new perpetrators, and new dimensions of economic risk and loss.
The article argues that the deliberate military use of digital technologies in a cyberwar mode should be delegitimized or that at least its offensive component be deemphasized, but that the best course for all stakeholders, including economic actors, would be to optimize strategies for the prevention and mitigation of cyber damage. The key concepts � for all forms of cyber conflict � are self-defense, resilience, security improvements in the IT industry, standard setting including standards for cloud safety, technical redundancies, restraint, national and international cooperation, emergency responses, effective information exchange and warning systems, increased efforts to harmonize cyber penal law and sanctions, advances in international law enforcement, and building international norms of behavior for the cyber age The article concludes emphasizing the need for a universal culture of cybersecurity, and offers an outline of a concept of cyber stability and �cyber peace�.
