Contrary to the western religious vision of the earth as a valley of misery is the idea of an earthly paradise. Yet Italian popes and cardinals have shown time and again what an earthly paradise could look like. The garden and house of the cardinal Ippolito II d'Este (1509-1572) in Tivoli, some 30 kilometres east of Rome, Italy is one example. It attracted painters such as the French Hubert Robert (1733-1808) and the German Carl Blechen (1798-1840) and thousands of visitors frequent the place even today. The garden and house of the cardinals Gambara and Montalto in Bagnaia, Italy, known as Villa Lante, which were created from 1573 onwards, are another example; and there are many others.
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