Factores limitantes del rendimiento físico del toro bravo durante la lidia

• Autores: Eloísa Agüera Buendía, Fernando Requena Domenech
• Localización: Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Veterinarias de Andalucía Oriental, ISSN 1130-2534, Vol. 24, 2011, págs. 193-211
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen
  • español

    Con este trabajo se persigue aportar nuevas ideas sobre la fi siopatologia del ejercicio en el toro bravo, siendo el objetivo principal, valorar los cambios metabolicos que se presentan de forma secundaria a las lesiones producidas durante la lidia como factores limitantes del rendimiento fisico. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre antes y despues de la lidia y biopsias musculares despues de la lidia de 30 toros de 4-5 anos de edad pertenecientes a ganaderias de las provincias de Cordoba, Sevilla y Badajoz. La sangre fue separada en dos fracciones: una para el estudio de sangre entera y otra para el estudio bioquimico del plasma. Se utilizo Sysmex- F-820. Se estudio el hemograma [recuento de globulos rojos, concentracion de hemoglobina, valor hematocrito e indices volumetricos [volumen corpuscular medio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM), concentracion de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM)] y el leucograma [recuento de globulos blancos, linfocitos, neutrofi los, cociente neutrofi los /linfocitos (N/L)]. En plasma se investigo acido lactico con el analizador Analox, Champion P-LM5, cortisol con un analizador automatico Inmulite, potasio mediante fotometro Corning 480 y por espectrofotometria glucosa proteinas plasmaticas totales y las actividades enzimaticas de creatin quinasa (CK), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST o GOT), lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH),. Biopsias musculares: las biopsias musculares fueron extraidas del musculo gluteo medio derecho a una profundidad absoluta de 5 cm. Las biopsias se extrajeron dentro de los cinco minutos posteriores a la fi nalizacion de la lidia.

    En estas biopsias se estudiaron glucogeno, concentracion de lactato y pH. Se realizo una Valoracion del Rendimiento Fisico para lo cual se confecciono una fi cha de valoracion del mismo para cada animal durante la lidia. Estas notas las tomo siempre el mismo observador. Los resultados presentados hacen referencia a los valores medidos antes y despues de la lidia El eritrograma mostro diferencias signifi cativas en los globulos rojos y CHCM de p . 0.05 (*). Asimismo, en los parametros bioquimicos plasmaticos medidos se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas de: -p . 0.05 (*) en cortisol, potasio y AST; p . 0.01 (**) en LDH y proteinas plasmaticas totales, p .

    0.001 (***) en CK y lactato. No se obtuvieron diferencias signifi cativas en la glucosa aunque si un aumento en los valores medios de la misma despues de la lidia. En cuanto al rendimiento fisico demostrado durante la lidia, segun la fi cha de valoracion del observador, se observo que los que tenian un rendimiento alto presentaban altos niveles de cortisol. Se ha concluido que se pueden considerar factores limitantes la disminucion del numero de globulos rojos, lesion muscular, aumento del gasto cardiaco por alteracion del potasio e incapacidad motora debida a la deplecion de glucogeno y acidosis muscular.

  • English

    This work seeks to contribute new ideas on the physiopathology of exercise in the fi ghting bull, the main objective being to assess the metabolic changes presented secondarily to the lesions produced during the fi ght as limiting factors of physical performance. Blood samples were obtained before and after the fi ght, and muscle biopsies after the fi ght, from 30 bulls 4-5 years old belonging to stock farms in the provinces of Cordoba, Seville and Badajoz. The blood was divided into two fractions: one for the study of whole blood and the other for a biochemical study of the plasma. Sysmex-F-820 was used. The haemogram was studied [red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value] and volumetric indices[mean corpuscle volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]and the leucogram [white blood cell count, lymphocytes, neutrophyls, neutrophyl/lymphocyte quotient (N/L)]. In plasma, lactic acid was investigated with the Analox analyzer, Champion P-LM5, cortisol with an automatic Inmulite analyzer, potassium by means of a Corning 480 photometer, and, by spectrophotometry, glucose, total plasmatic proteins and the enzymatic activities of creatine kinase (CK), aminotransferase aspartate (AST or GOT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Muscle biopsies: the muscle biopsies were extracted from the middle right gluteus muscle at an absolute depth of 5 cm. The extraction was carried out within the 5 minutes after the end of the bullfi ght. In these biopsies, glucogen, lactate concentration and pH were studied. A Valuation of Physical Performance was carried out for which a valuation card was made for each animal during the fi ght. These notes were always taken by the same observer. The results presented refer to the values measured before and after the fi ght. The erythrogram showed signifi cant differences in the red blood cells and MCHC of p . 0.05 (*). Similarly, in the plasmatic biochemical parameters measured, signifi cant differences were found of : -p . 0.05 (*) in cortisol, potassium and AST, p . 0.01 (**) in LDH and total plasmatic proteins, and p . 0.001 (***) in CK and lactate. No signifi cant differences were obtained in glucose although there was an increase in its mean values after the fi ght. With regard to the physical performance demonstrated during the fi ght, it was observed that those bulls which performed well presented high levels of cortisol. It was concluded that the factors which can be considered as being limiting ones are: a diminution in the number of red blood cells, muscle lesions, an increase in cardiac output due to an alteration in potassium, and a motor incapacity due to glucogen depletion and muscle acidosis.