Resumen de Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXV: The Nocturnally Flowering Psychotria domingensis-Coussarea hondensis Group Plus Three Other Mesoamerican Psychotria Species Transfer to Palicourea

Charlotte M. Taylor, David H. Lorence, Roy E. Gereau

• español

  Varios arbustos y árboles neotropicales clasificados en Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., Palicourea Aubl. y Coussarea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) comparten estípulas persistentes, flores aparentemente nocturnas, corolas blancas con el tubo bien desarrollado y frutos bien desarrollados con dos pirenos plano-convexos, que generalmente tienen paredes algo delgadas y son dorsalmente lisos o angulados; además la mayoría de estas especies tienen estípulas bastante reducidas y frutos relativamente grandes. La separación de Psychotria y Coussarea ha sido problemática por lo menos en América Central, pero la eliminación aquí de seis especies de Coussarea deja ese género consistentemente caracterizado morfológicamente por flores 4-meras y frutos con una sola semilla. Estudios morfológicos y moleculares recientes indican que Palicourea y la mayoría de las especies de Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria constituyen un solo grupo evolutivo. Estas especies con floración nocturna tienen todas las características morfológicas de Palicourea en esta circunscripción ampliada, y se encuentran aquí tratadas en ese género además de tres especies adicionales procedentes de México y Guatemala con flores grandes aparentemente polinizadas por colibríes. Las correspondientes nuevas combinaciones y nombres se presentan para algunas: Palicourea alajuelensis C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea austin-smithii Standl.; Palicourea beachiana C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea nigrescens C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea breedlovei (Lorence) Lorence se basa en Psychotria breedlovei Lorence; Palicourea calidicola (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria calidicola C. M. Taylor; Palicourea chrysocalymma (L. O. Williams) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria chrysocalymma L. O. Williams; Palicourea diguana (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor se basa en Cephaelis diguana Standl. ex Steyerm.; Palicourea eurycarpa (Standl.) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria eurycarpa Standl.; Palicourea faxlucens (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence se basa en Psychotria faxlucens Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea grandifructa (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea grandifructa C. M. Taylor; Palicourea heydei (Standl.) Lorence se basa en Psychotria heydei Standl.; Palicourea hondensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria hondensis Standl.; Palicourea mediocris (Standl. & Steyerm.) Lorence se basa en Coussarea mediocris Standl. & Steyerm.; Palicourea megalantha (Lorence) Lorence se basa en Psychotria megalantha Lorence; Palicourea nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer; Palicourea neopurpusii C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria purpusii Standl.; Palicourea psychotrioides (C. M. Taylor & Hammel) C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea psychotrioides C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea roseocremea (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor se basa en Coussarea roseocremea Dwyer; Palicourea sousae (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence se basa en Psychotria sousae Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea tetragona (Donn. Sm.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence se basa en Cephaelis tetragona Donn. Sm.; Palicourea thornei (Lorence) Lorence se basa en Psychotria thornei Lorence; Palicourea tutensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria tutensis Dwyer; Palicourea umbelliformis (Dwyer & M. V. Hayden) C. M. Taylor se basa en Psychotria umbelliformis Dwyer & M. V. Hayden. La nueva especie Palicourea pereziana C. M. Taylor es similar a estas otras plantas con flores nocturnas, y se separa de Palicourea roseocremea por sus flores más pequeñas y distribución en el sur de Costa Rica. Neotipos se designan para Palicourea domingensis (Jacq.) DC. (Psychotria domingensis Jacq.) y Palicourea gardenioides (Scheidw.) Hemsl. (Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw.).

• English

  Several Neotropical shrubs and trees variously classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., Palicourea Aubl., and Coussarea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) share persistent stipules, apparently nocturnal flowers, well-developed white corollas with long tubes, and well-developed drupaceous fruits with two plano-convex pyrenes that generally have rather thin walls and are dorsally smooth or angled; additionally, most of these species have reduced stipules and relatively large fruits. The separation of Psychotria and Coussarea has been problematic at least in Central America, but removal here of six species from Coussarea leaves that genus characterized morphologically by 4-merous flowers and fruits with a single seed. Recent morphological and molecular surveys indicate that Palicourea and most species of Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria comprise a single evolutionary group. These nocturnally flowering species all have the morphological features of Palicourea in this expanded circumscription and are here transferred to Palicourea along with three additional species from Mexico and Guatemala with relatively large, apparently hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Corresponding new combinations and names are published for several of these: Palicourea alajuelensis C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea austin-smithii Standl.; Palicourea beachiana C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nigrescens C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea breedlovei (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria breedlovei Lorence; Palicourea calidicola (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria calidicola C. M. Taylor; Palicourea chrysocalymma (L. O. Williams) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria chrysocalymma L. O. Williams; Palicourea diguana (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis diguana Standl. ex Steyerm.; Palicourea eurycarpa (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria eurycarpa Standl.; Palicourea faxlucens (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence is based on Psychotria faxlucens Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea grandifructa (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea grandifructa C. M. Taylor; Palicourea heydei (Standl.) Lorence is based on Psychotria heydei Standl.; Palicourea hondensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria hondensis Standl.; Palicourea mediocris (Standl. & Steyerm.) Lorence is based on Coussarea mediocris Standl. & Steyerm.; Palicourea megalantha (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria megalantha Lorence; Palicourea nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer; Palicourea neopurpusii C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria purpusii Standl.; Palicourea psychotrioides (C. M. Taylor & Hammel) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea psychotrioides C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea roseocremea (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea roseocremea Dwyer; Palicourea sousae (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence is based on Psychotria sousae Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea tetragona (Donn. Sm.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence is based on Cephaelis tetragona Donn. Sm.; Palicourea thornei (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria thornei Lorence; Palicourea tutensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria tutensis Dwyer; and Palicourea umbelliformis (Dwyer & M. V. Hayden) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria umbelliformis Dwyer & M. V. Hayden. The new species Palicourea pereziana C. M. Taylor is similar to these other nocturnally flowering species, and separated from Palicourea roseocremea by its smaller flowers and distribution in southern Costa Rica. Neotypes are designated for Palicourea domingensis (Jacq.) DC. (Psychotria domingensis Jacq.) and Palicourea gardenioides (Scheidw.) Hemsl. (Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw.).