Situación actual sobre la vida sexual y reproductiva de las adolescentes. Consultorio Infanto-juvenil

• Autores: Rodrigo Arturo Berni Clebsch, Sanie Mendoza, Carolina Acosta
• Localización: Pediatría (Asunción): Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatría, ISSN-e 1683-9803, Vol. 39, Nº. 3, 2012, págs. 183-188
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Current Sexuality and Reproductive Practices in Female Adolescents at a Child and Adolescent Medical Center
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Se evaluó la edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales así como la utilización de métodos anticonceptivos y factores relacionados. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico. Datos de pacientes adolescentes del consultorio de Ginecología Infanto-Juvenil del Hospital Central �Dr. Emilio Cubas� entre 1/01/11 al 31/12/11. Resultados: 179 casos aleatorizados de 397 (IC: 95%). Rango de edad: 11-17 años, media: 14,6; 131 (73.6%) no iniciaron relaciones sexuales (NIRS) y 47 (26.4%) si (IRS), 2 abusos sexuales (1,1%); edad promedio de iniciación: 14,8 años, promedio de inicio a los 15 años o menos: 19,4%, 108 (82,4%) del área metropolitana y 23 (17,6%) del interior. Variables por grupo: Edad promedio a la consulta NIRS14,2% años, IRS15,6% años; área metropolitana NIRS82,4%, IRS70,2%; del interior NIRS17,6%, IRS29,8%;

    Seno Familiar integro NIRS68,7%, IRS68,1%; Seno Familiar alterado NIRS31,2%, IRS31,9%; Comparte cama NIRS25,9%, IRS 10,6%; Padre con estudios primarios NIRS58,8%, IRS61,2%; con estudios secundarios o terciarios NIRS41,2%, IRS48,8%; Madre con estudios primarios NIRS32,5%, IRS55,3%; con estudios secundarios o terciarios NIRS67,5, IRS45,7%; Tutor en el hogar NIRS30,5%, IRS44,6%; Padres o único padre/madre sale a trabajar NIRS69,5%, IRS55,4%; Retraso en la escolaridad NIRS3,8%, IRS4,2%. Método anticonceptivo: 4 (8,5%) hormonal, 40 (85,1%) preservativo y 3 (6,4%) ninguno; 27 (57,4%) pacientes quienes refirieron utilizar alguno, 17 (36,1%) lo utilizan �a veces� y 3 (6,4%) no utilizan. Conclusión: Nuestra población presenta mayor riesgo de iniciación temprana. El nivel educacional de la madre fue el factor más relacionado. Creemos importante la educación sexual temprana por parte de pediatras, ginecólogos infanto-juveniles y padres para prevenir gestaciones en la adolescencia y enfermedades de transmisión sexual.

  • English

    Objective: We assessed the age of first intercourse and related factors as well as the use of contraceptive methods among female adolescents consulting at the Instituto de Previsión Social (Social Insurance Institute) of Paraguay. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, and analytical study of data gathered from female adolescent patients consulting at the child and adolescent gynecology unit at the Social Insurance Institute's central hospital (Hospital Dr.

    Emilio Cubas) from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011.Results: We analyzed 179 cases randomly selected from 397 eligible patients (CI: 95%).Ages in the sample ranged from 11 to 17 years, with a median age of 14.6 years of age, all of whom had experienced menarche; 108 (82.4%) of patients were from the Asunción metropolitan area and 23 (17.6%) from other cities in the country; 47 (26.4%) reported having experienced first intercourse (FI), including 2 cases of sexual abuse (1.1%), while 131 (73.6%) reported not having experienced first intercourse (NFI); on average 19.4% of women experience first intercourse before age 15, while for the FI group in our study the average age at first intercourse was 14.8 years of age. In comparing the groups, the average age at the date of consultation for NFI was 14.2 years, FI 15.6 years; from the Asuncion metropolitan area: NFI 82.4%, FI 70.2%; from other parts of the country, NFI 17.6%, FI 29.8%; intact family NFI 68.7%, FI 68.1%; non-intact family, NFI 31.2%, FI 31.9%; share bed with a family member, NFI 25.9%, FI 10.6%; father with primary education only NFI 58.8%, FI 61.2%; father with secondary or tertiary education NFI 41.2%, FI 48.8%; mother with primary education only, NFI 32.5%, FI 55.3%; mother with secondary or tertiary education, NFI 67.5%, FI 45.7%; stepparent present in the home, NFI 30.5%, FI 44.6%; both parents or single mother/father work outside the home NFI 69.5%, FI 55.4%;

    behind school grade for age, NFI 3.8%, FI 4.2%.In the FI group, 4 (8.5%) reported using hormonal methods for contraception, 40 (85.1%) reported using condoms, and 3 (6.4%) did not use any method; 27 (57.4%) reported using contraceptive methods "always", 17 (36.1%) use them "sometimes" and 3 (6.4%) do not use them at all. Conclusion: The population of Social Insurance Institute patients present a higher risk than average of early first intercourse. The educational level of the mother was the factor most closely related to first intercourse in adolescents.