yò T cells are the major initial interleukin (IL)-17 producers in acute infections. Recent studies have indicated that some yò T cells have IL-17-producing capabilities without explicit induction of an immune response. They are preferentially localized in barrier tissues and are likely to originate from fetal Yò thymocytes. In addition, yò T cells present in the secondary lymphoid organs will mature and differentiate to produce IL-17 after antigen encounter in an immune response. Based on these studies, we propose that there are two different sets of IL-17-producing yò T cells (Tyò17) referred to as the �natural� and the �inducible� Tyò17 cells. This review focuses on recent publications leading to the delineation of these two types of cells and their implied roles in host immune defense.
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