Aspectos perinatales, crecimiento y tipo de lactancia de los nacidos pequeños para su edad gestacional

• Autores: M. Biosca Pàmies, Gerardo Rodríguez Martínez, María Pilar Samper Villagrasa, L. Cuadrón Andrés, M. Odriozola Grijalba, M.L. Álvarez Sauras, Luis A. Moreno Aznar, José Luis Olivares López, Calina Grupo Colaborativo
• Localización: Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP ), ISSN-e 1696-4608, ISSN 1695-4033, Vol. 78, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 14-20
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Perinatal aspects, growth and feeding of infants born small for gestational age
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• Resumen

  • Abstract Introduction: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has short and long term risks. The aim of this study was to describe perinatal and socio-cultural characteristics, and the pattern of growth and diet of SGA infants during their first 6 months of life.

    Materials and methods: Anthropometry and diet were evaluated during six months in a representative sample of 1596 newborns the population of Aragon (Spain).

    Results: Mothers of SGA (N = 94) infants gained less weight during pregnancy (10.5 ± 5.8 vs 12.0 ± 5.07 kg, P= .012), gestational age at birth was lower (37.84 ± 1.7 vs 39.06 ± 1.6 weeks, P < .001), and the probability of cesarean delivery was higher (37.2% vs 20.5%, P = .001). The height of the mother was lower in the SGA group (1.61 ± 0.58 vs 1.63 ± 0.06 metres, P = .004), but their body mass index was similar. No differences were found between groups in social or cultural aspects. Mothers of SGA infants smoked more during pregnancy (32.3% vs 18.5%, P = .003) (RR = 1.92; 95% CI; 1.31 to 3.02). Infants born SGA remained smaller during the first 6 months of life, and the monthly weight gain was similar to the rest. In the SGA group, the prevalence of breastfeeding was lower at 4 months of age (54.9% vs 68.2%, RR = 0.58, 95% CI;

    0.38 to 0.89).

    Conclusions: Infants born SGA are more likely to converge a number of characteristics that must be considered together because they may lead to health risks. SGA do not show a rapid recovery pattern of postnatal growth, and their smaller size persists at six months.