In this essay, the mediterranean origin of the merchants' consulates and the causes that led the Crown to authorize the creation of the Consulate's Court of Law in the capital of New Spain are studied. Here therein, are analyzed the judicial privileges, as well as the privileges of organization and representation that the mexican merchants obtained once such institution was constituted. Likewise, is expounded the way in which the Consulate increased its prerogatives when it took charge of the assessment collection that was imposed upon the trades in the district of Mexico City, which was the exchange and redistribution main center of New Spain.
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